miércoles, 26 de noviembre de 2008

Máximo Sandín: Papillomavirus: It's urgent to stop the vaccinations

PAPILLOMAVIRUS:
IT'S URGENT TO STOP THE VACCINATIONS

Máximo Sandín.
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid


Gardasil vaccine, elaborated by Merck Laboratories is synthesized out of “virus-like particles” (VLP) obtained from assembled papillomavirus capsid without the viral DNA (1).

The fundament of antiviral vaccines is based in the inoculation of any component of the virus which is pretended to “combat” or of an “attenuated” virus before the person gets in contact with the subject virus. The subsequent immune reaction would therefore make the organism to produce antibodies against the elements of the vaccine, reaction which will protect it from further infection.

This protective effect is assumed as tested for different infectious diseases with an epidemic character (rubella, measles, polio, mumps...) thought it seems not very clear the relation between the improve in hygienic and nutritional conditions with the success of vaccination. What has been clearly and abundantly tested is the apparition of problems after vaccination: emergency of the disease in vaccinated children (2, 3, 4, 5), infection post-vaccination (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13) and side effects with serious consequences (14, 15) misestimated because “ not enough scientific evidence is shown to sustain them”.

But it is very likely that the problem (these problems) derive not from the virus , otherwise, to be precise, from the scientific basis of vaccination. The conception of virus as “patogenic agents” or “forced parasites” is a consequence of their discovery as disease causers, a process similar to that with bacteria. Nowadays, it has been demonstrated something totally aside of the conventional “scientific basis”: That bacteria considered as pathogenic are only an extraordinary small part of the existing bacteria and which function is absolutely essential for the adequate work of every ecosystem with an also essential role inside organisms. And that its pathogenic character is produced by as a consequence of some unbalance in its normal functioning (such as an environmental “aggression”) to which they react by exchanging what is known as “pathogenicity isles”, groups of genes transported by plasmids, viral vectors and transposons. It is also known of the unmeasured use of antibiotics as a consequence of the old conception of bacteria as exclusively pathogens has driven to an extension of bacterial resistance to antibiotics which last consequences we still don't know but will probably be very negative.

The recent discoveries on the role and capacities of virus stay also aside of the conventional theoretical basis for the moment. Human genome sequencing has shown that approximately 10% of its sequences are endogenous virus (16) which are expressed as constituent part in different tissues and organs and it has also shown that an essential part of their activity has to do with the control of the embryonic development process and their insertion in genomes has had important evolutionary consequences (17, 18). Regarding their abundance in Nature and their role, virus seem to be even more relevant than bacteria: Its amount is 5 to 10 fold bigger than bacteria, assuming a crucial role in the control of ecosystems (19, 20) and as a “genetic information storage”, a sort of RAM of genetic information (21). Summing up, we live immerse (literally) in a sea of bacteria and virus which absolutely necessary functions for life we are just beginning to know.

The foundation of these considerations and the consequences of these discoveries about the conventional conception of biological phenomena will be long and hard to document (please see http://www.uam.es/personal_pdi/ciencias/msandin/BUSCA.pdf) but for the case we're focusing on the repercussions can have dramatic proportions: Papillomavirus (HPV 16) sequence alignment against human genome (Sources: NCBI y Ensembl) clearly show the presence of the E6 gene (cosidered as a protooncogenic gene) and the sequences coding for protein L1 (Capsid) in chromosome 2 and dispersed viral sequences in chromosomes 1, 5 and 12. But independently of the real role of the viral sequences in the genomes, the purely empirical data show that papillomavirus are present in different epithelia since very young age (22, 23, 24) and its ubiquity and diversity suggest from the conventional point of view a “commensalist nature” (25) and that they are extremely abundant in human skin and of all kind of healthy animals (26, 27).

And here emerges the terrible dilemma: Does it make sense at all, from the fundament of vaccination's point of view try to immunise ourselves against a virus which is already in our organisms? If we take in count that thousands of vaccinations are taking place, isn't it a possibility that the introduction in the blood torrent of viral capsid proteins could activate integrated virus genes or the very viruses present in different epithelia? That cannot be assured. It cannot be predicted the seriousness of its effects nor the time they will take to show up. For now, more than a thousand cases of side effects have been accounted, some of them very serious (28) and even deaths associated to vaccination (29). The conception of papillomavirus as an exclusively pathogen “that produces cancer” has prevented us from knowing which is its true function in our genomes. But we know it is there and the most reasonable, the ethic imperative, would be to stop immediately the massive vaccination campaigns. From the epidemiologist point of view we know from the low incidence of papilloma and from the true causes of its activation that the vaccinations are not justified at all (30). We also know they are a huge business. What we don't know is who is going to be responsible for the damages if produced nor who would help the affected children.

REFERENCES:

1.- Y.-F. Xu, Y.-Q. Zhang, X.-M. Xu, and G.-X. Song (2006). Papillomavirus virus-like particles as vehicles for the delivery of epitopes or genes. Arch Virol 151: 2133–2148

2.- D Huebner, Hershey Elementary School, Hershey; S Smith, West Central District Health Dept, North Platte; T Safranek, MD, A O’Keefe, MD, Nebraska Health and Human Svcs System. A Lopez, MHS, M Marin, MD, D Guris, MD, Div of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (2006). Varicella Outbreak Among Vaccinated Children—Nebraska, 2004 JAMA, 296:925-927.

3.- Barna D. Tugwell, MD , Lore E. Lee, MPH, Hilary Gillette, RN, MPH, Eileen M. Lorber, MD, Katrina Hedberg, MD, MPH and Paul R. Cieslak, MD (2004). Chickenpox Outbreak in a Highly Vaccinated School Population. PEDIATRICS Vol. 113 No. 3, pp. 455-459

4.- Karin Galil, M.D., M.P.H., Brent Lee, M.D., M.P.H., Tara Strine, M.P.H., Claire Carraher, R.N., Andrew L. Baughman, Ph.D., M.P.H., Melinda Eaton, D.V.M., Jose Montero, M.D., and Jane Seward, M.B., B.S., M.P.H. (2002). Outbreak of Varicella at a Day-Care Center despite Vaccination. The New England Journal of Medicine Number 24, Volume 347:1909-1915

5.- Corinne Vandermeulen, Mathieu Roelants, Marijke Vermoere, Katelijn Roseeuw, Patrick Goubau and Karel Hoppenbrouwers (2004). Outbreak of mumps in a vaccinated child population: a question of vaccine failure? Vaccine Volume 22, Issues 21-22, 29 July 2004, Pages 2713-2716

6.- Brian R. Lee, Shelly L. Feaver, Claudia A. Miller, Craig W. Hedberg, and Kristen R. Ehresmann (2004). An Elementary School Outbreak of Varicella Attributed to Vaccine Failure: Policy Implications. The Journal of Infectious Diseases;190:477–483

7.- McNicholas A, Galloway Y, Martin D, Sexton K, O'Hallahan J. (2008). Surveillance of vaccine breakthrough cases following MeNZB vaccination. N Z Med J. 18;121(1272):38-46.

8.- Mauricio Landaverde, Linda Venczel y Ciro A. de Cuadros (2001). Brote de poliomielitis en Haití y la República Dominicana debido a un virus derivado de la vacuna antipoliomielítica oral. Rev Panam Salud Pública vol. 9 no.4

9.- Lee BR, Feaver SL, Miller CA, Hedberg CW, Ehresmann KR. (2004) An elementary school outbreak of varicella attributed to vaccine failure: policy implications. J Infect Dis; 190:477–83.


10.- Peter F. Wright and John F. Modlin (2008). The Demise and Rebirth of Polio—A Modern Phoenix? The Journal of Infectious Diseases 197:335–336

11.- Xiaofeng Liang, Yong Zhang, Wenbo Xu, Ning Wen, Shuyan Zuo, Lisa A. Lee, and Jingjin Yu (2006). An Outbreak of Poliomyelitis Caused by Type 1 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in China. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 194:545–551

12.- Concepción F. Estívariz, Margaret A. Watkins, Darmawali Handoko, Rusipah Rusipah, Jagadish Deshpande, Bardan J. Rana, Eveline Irawan, Dyah Widhiastuti, Mark A. Pallansch, Arun Thapa, and Sholah Imari (2008). A Large Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreak on Madura Island—Indonesia, 2005. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 197:347–354

13.- Netherlands Vaccin Institute (2008). Increased mumps incidence in the Netherlands. Eurosurveillance, Volume 13, Issue 26.

14.- Vaccinosis/danger of vaccine. http://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/vaccines.htm

15.- Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) http://vaers.hhs.gov/

16.- THE HUMAN GENOME SEQUENCING CONSORTIUM. 2001. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409: 860-921.

17.- VILLARREAL, L. P. (2004). Viruses and the Evolution of Life. ASM Press, Washington

18.- HAMILTON, G. (2006). Virology: The gene weavers. Nature 441, 683-685.

19.- SUTTLE, C. A. (2005). Viruses in the sea. Nature 437, 356-361

20.- WILLIAMSON, K.E., WOMMACK, K.E. AND RADOSEVICH, M. (2003). Sampling Natural Viral Communities from Soil for Culture-Independent Analyses. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 69, No. 11, p. 6628-6633.

21.- GOLDENFELD, N. and WOESE, C. (2007). Biology’s next revolution. Nature 445, 369.

22.- Annika Antonsson, Silvana Karanfilovska, Pelle G. Lindqvist, and Bengt Göran Hansson (2003). General Acquisition of Human Papillomavirus Infections of Skin Occurs in Early Infancy. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, p. 2509-2514, Vol. 41, No. 6.

23.- Kojima, A., Maeda, H., Kurahashi, N., Sakagami, G., Kubo, K., Yoshimoto, H. & Kameyama, Y. (2003) Human papillomaviruses in the normal oral cavity of children in Japan. Oral Oncol.,39, 821–828

24.- Koch, A., Hansen, S.V., Nielsen, N.M., Palefsky, J. & Melbye, M. (1997) HPV detection in children prior to sexual debut. Int. J. Cancer, 73, 621–624

25.- Annika Antonsson, Ola Forslund, Henrik Ekberg, Gunnar Sterner, and Bengt Göran Hansson (2000). The Ubiquity and Impressive Genomic Diversity of Human Skin Papillomaviruses Suggest a Commensalic Nature of These Viruses. Journal of Virology, p. 11636-11641, Vol. 74, No. 24

26.- Antonsson, A., Erfurt, C., Hazard, K., Holmgren, V., Simon, M., Kataoka, A., Hossain, S., Hakangard, C., Hansson, B. G. (2003). Prevalence and type spectrum of human papillomaviruses in healthy skin samples collected in three continents. J. Gen. Virol. 84: 1881-1886

27.- Annika Antonsson and Bengt Göran Hansson (2002). Healthy Skin of Many Animal Species Harbors Papillomaviruses Which Are Closely Related to Their Human Counterparts. Journal of Virology, p. 12537-12542, Vol. 76, No. 24

28.- http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2007_docs/GardasilVAERSReports.pdf

29.- http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2007_docs/GardasilVAERSDeaths.pdf

30.- Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria http://www.semfyc.es/pfw_files/tpl/revista/octubre307/opinionA.htm